Adverb and conjuction

 Nama : upit hasanah

Prodi : PBI Semester (1)

# In grammar, a conjunction  is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases or clauses together. A discourse connective is a conjunction joining sentences. This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what constitutes a “conjunction” must be defined for each language. In general, a conjunction is an invariable grammatical particle, and it may or may not stand between the items it conjoins.

~ Coordinating Conjunction ~

Coordinating conjunctions, also called coordinators, are conjunctions that join two or more items of equal syntactic importance, such as words, main clauses, or sentences. In English the mnemonic acronym FANBOYS can be used to remember the coordinators for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.

These are not the only coordinating conjunctions; various others are used, including “and nor” (British), “but nor” (British), “or nor” (British), “neither” (“They don’t gamble; neither do they smoke”), “no more” (“They don’t gamble; no more do they smoke”), and “only” (“I would go, only I don’t have time”).

Here are some examples of coordinating conjunctions in English and what they do:

For presents a reason

(“He is gambling with his health, for he has been smoking far too long.”).

And presents non-contrasting item(s) or idea(s)

(“They gamble, and they smoke.”).

Nor presents a non-contrasting negative idea

(“They do not gamble nor do they smoke.”).

But presents a contrast or exception

(“They gamble, but they don’t smoke.”).

Or presents an alternative item or idea

(“Every day they gamble or they smoke.”).

Yet presents a contrast or exception

(“They gamble, yet they don’t smoke.”).

So presents a consequence

(“He gambled well last night so he smoked a cigar to celebrate.”).

 

~ Correlative Conjunction ~

Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join words and groups of words of equal weight in a sentence. There are six different pairs of correlative conjunctions:

either…or

not only…but (also)

neither…nor (or increasingly neither…or)

both…and

whether…or

just as…so

Examples:

You either do your work or prepare for a trip to the office.

Not only is he handsome, but he is also brilliant.

Neither the basketball team nor the football team is doing well.

Both the cross country team and the swimming team are doing well.

Whether you stay or you go, it’s your decision.

Just as Aussies love Aussie rules football, so many Canadians love ice hockey.

 

~ Subordinate Conjunction ~

(Subordinate conjunctions connect two unequal parts, e.g., dependent and independent clauses)

after, since, when, although, so that, whenever, as, supposing, where, because, than, whereas, before, that, wherever, but that, though, whether, if, though, which, in order that, till, while, lest, unless, who, no matter, until, why, how, what, even though.

 

A. NOTE 1: Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes used as simple adverbs. If they do not connect independent clauses, they are not conjunctive adverbs. Then, they are merely adverbs modifying a verb, adjective, or another adverb. For instance, in the sentences below, the words accordingly, still, and instead are adverbs. When functioning this way, the adverb needs no punctuation to separate it from the surrounding material.

For example, see the following sentences:

I knew the test would be hard, so I planned accordingly to study for several hours.

I was still studying at six o’clock in the evening!

Joey decided to go to a party instead.

In these examples above, there is no comma needed before the words accordingly, still, and instead. That’s because they are acting like adverbs, modifying verbs like planned and was studying, and decided.

B. NOTE 2: (In Four Parts)

(1) Two independent clauses can be joined by a comma and a pure conjunction. However, a comma by itself will not work. (Using a comma without a conjunction to hook together two sentences creates a comma splice!)

[Independent Clause] , pure conjunction [independent clause] .

Examples:

The gods thunder

#What is an adverb?

An adverb is a word that modifies (describes) a verb (he sings loudly), an adjective (very tall), another adverb (ended too quickly), or even a whole sentence (Fortunately, I had brought an umbrella). Adverbs often end in -ly, but some (such as fast) look exactly the same as their adjective counterparts.

Tom Longboat did not run badly.

Tom is very tall.

The race finished too quickly.

Fortunately, Lucy recorded Tom’s win.

It’s easy to identify adverbs in these sentences.