Adverb and conjunction

 Name: pipin muspiroh

Nim: 218820300240

Prodi PBI semester 1

The adverb, or middle word in English, is part of a very important parts of speech. Because adverb adds extra adverb to the adverb itself. In addition, the verb can also explain the verb and even the sentence. The next will be adverb's understanding, type, example, and function.

She is extremely strange. Extremely (adverb) menjelaskan strange (adjective), membentuk frasa “sangat aneh”.

She speaks so fluently. So (adverb) menjelaskan fluently (adverb), membentuk frasa “dengan sangat lancar”.

John runs fast. Fast (adverb) menjelaskan run (verb), membentuk frasa “berlari (dengan) cepat”.

Fortunately, he is rich. Forunately (adverb) menjelaskan kalimathe is rich (sentence). Jenis dan Contoh Adverb Berikut jenis dan contoh adverb dalam bahasa Inggris. Adverb of Place and Direction Adverb of place and direction adalah adverb yang menyatakan tempat dan arah (di mana suatu hal dilakukan atau berada). Bentuk: word: here, there, outside, inside, home, west, … prepositional phrase: in that school, beside the mosque, on the desk, … Contoh: A very smart girl is sitting there. John and Ratna are discussing many problems in the office. I have been here. Adverb of Manner Adverb of manner adalah adverb yang menunjukkan cara (bagaimana suatu hal dilakukan). Bentuk: word: fast, slow, hard, express, quick, … adjective + ly:   fluently (fluent + ly), slowly (slow + ly), … prepositional phrase: by train/ bus/ car, by heart, on foot, … Contoh: We must study hard. She sings a song beautifully. I came here on foot. Adverb of Degree Adverb of degree adalah adverb yang menunjukkan makna tingkatan atau intensitas (seberapa kuat, lemah, sering, besar, dsb sesuatu itu). Anggota: so (begitu/ sangat)  very (sangat)  highly (sangat) exceedingly (sangat) extremely (sangat) adequately (sangat) pretty (sangat) somewhat (agak) fairly (agak) rather (agak) just (agak) enough (cukup) too (terlalu) more (lebih) … Fungsi: menjelaskan adjective   The tool is highly useful. It is fresh enough It sounds very awkward.   menjelaskan adverb   The man walked very fast. She strode confidently enoughinto the room. He lives so simply. Adverb of Time Adverb of Time adalah adverb yang menunjukkan waktu (kapan suatu kejadian terjadi). Anggota: definite time (waktu pasti)   singular word: yesterday, today, tomorrow, … plural word: Saturdays, nights, … phrase: Saturday night, last week, next month, a month ago, …   indefinite time (waktu tak pasti)   recently, lately, nowadays, already, immediately, soon, later, …   chronological order(urutan kejadian)   now, then, before, later, after(wards), next first, …. Contoh: I am studying english grammar now. She will go there tomorrow. Professor Tomski has already come. Adverb of Frequency Adverb of frequency adalah adverb yang menyatakan frekuensi (seberapa sering suatu kegiatan dilakukan atau sesuatu terjadi) Anggota: always, usually, normally, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, never, … Contoh: He usually comes late. Tom seldom plays with us. I ever called him. Exclamatory Adverb Exclamatory adverb adalah adverb yang digunakan dalam berseru. Pola: How + adjective/ adverb + S V! Contoh: You are funny = How funny you are! He becomes angry = How angry he becomes! She danced beautifully = How beautifully she danced! The man behaves badly = How badly the man behaves! Explanatory Adverb Explanatory adverb adalah adverb yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan hal sejenis atau untuk merincikan sesuatu. Anggota: contohnya: e.g. (exempli gratia), for example, for instance seperti: such as, like, as yakni, yaitu: i.e. (id est), viz. (videlicet), namely Contoh: There are many interesting places to visit in the city, e.g., the botanical garden and the art museum. I prefer to wear casual clothes, such as jeans and a sweatshirt. Mark knows a few people here, viz., Mr. Martin, Mrs. Mary, and Robert. Interrogative Adverb Interrogative adverb adalah adverb yang digunakan untuk membuat pertanyaan. Anggota: Why = menanyakan alasan Where = menanyakan tempat When = menanyakan waktu How = menanyakan cara, jarak, durasi, … Contoh: Where did you buy this comic? When will you come here? Why has she chosen the way? How is she singing the classical song? How long will you travel? Sentence Adverb Sentence adverb adalah adverb yang berfungsi untuk menjelaskan keseluruhan kalimat. Anggota: Fortunately, no one was hurt. Obviously, they will not finish it on time. The boy is surely the most diligent in that class. Contoh: Where did you buy this comic? When will you come here? Why has she chosen the way? How is she singing the classical song? How long will you travel? Undonination Conjunction Conjunction or conference word is the word used to connect the equivalent language units (word with words, phrases with phrases, clauses with clauses, sentences with sentences, and so on). The use of conjunction can be exemplified with the sentences below. You and I are on the same boat. And menghubungkan kata (you) dengan kata (I) atau subjek dengan subjek. Is that your father or your uncle? Or menghubungkan frasa (your father) dan frase (your uncle) atau subjective complement dan subjective complement. We went home after the rain stopped. After menghubungkan klausa (we went home) dan klause (the rain stopped) atau main clause dan sub cluase. He is smart but he is arrogant. But menghubungkan kalimat (he is smart) dan kalimat (he is arrogant). Jenis dan Contoh Conjunction Berikut jenis dan contoh conjunction dalam bahasa Inggris. A. Compound Conjuctions Compound conjuction dalah kata sambung yang menghubungkan hal-hal yang setara, misalnya subject dengan subject, verb dengan verb, object dengan object, adverb dengan adverb, adjective dengan adjective, dsb. Compound conjuction dibagi menjadi 2, antara lain: Coordinate Conjuction Anggota: F – A – N – B – O – Y – S Keterangan: For (karena) And (dan) Nor (tidak juga) But (tetapi) Or (atau) Yet (tetapi) So(sehingga) She was absent yesterday, for she was sick. Mr. Wilson invited me andhim. He can not see nor hear. The shoes are old butcomfortable. Is Sam sleeping or going somewhere? She didn’t study, yet she passed the exam. He was tired, so he went to bed. Catatan: a) FANBOYS selalu terletak di tengah kalimat atau di antara dua kalimat. Tidak dibenarkan meletakkan mereka di awal kalimat. Contoh: CORRECT     : The child hid behind his mother’s skirt, for he was afraid of the dog. INCORRECT : For he was afraid of the dog, the child hid behind his mother’s skirt. Namun conjuction lain bisa digunakan untuk menggantikannya ketika di awal kalimat. Contoh: Because he was afraid of the dog, the child hid behind his mother’s skirt. b) Conjuction for, yet, dan so selalu menghubungkan kalimat dan koma selalu mengawali mereka. c) And, ketika menghubungkan dua kalimat, memiliki tanda baca sebagai berikut: It was raining hard, and there was a strong wind. Umumnya, conjunction diawali dengan sebuah koma ketika menghubungkan dua kalimat. It was raining hard and there was a strong wind. Jika kalimat yang dihubungkan merupakan kalimat-kalimat pendek, koma dapat dihilangkan. It was raining hard. And there was a strong wind. Pada penulisan yang sifatnya informal, and dapat memulai sebuah kalimat baru. Correlative Conjuction Correlative conjuction terdiri dari konjungsi-konjungsi yang berpasangan. Anggota: Both… and… Not only… but also… Either… or… Neither… nor… Pola: Both SUBJECT and SUBJECT plural verb (are, were, have, do, take,etc) Not only Either  Neither SUBJECT but also or nor SUBJECT plural/ singular verb (is, was, has, does, takes,etc)* * Plural dan singular-nya ditentukan dari subjek yang belakang. Contoh: Both the driver and the passager wereinjured in the accident. Not only she but also I am studying chemistry. Not only I but also she is studying chemistry. Either Mr. Anderson or Ms. Wiggins isgoing to teach our class today. Neither my sister nor my parents havebeen here. Neither my parents nor my sister hasbeen here. B. Complex Conjuctions Complex conjunction adalah kata sambung yang menghubungkan antara main clause (induk kalimat) dan subordinate clause (anak kalimat). Bertemunya dua jenis klausa ini akan membentuk kalimat. Adapun anggota complex conjunction meliputi konjungsi selain compound conjuction, seperti: when, while, which, what, when, where, that, after, before, till, until, because, although, if, dsb. Pola: Main Cl: S + V + (O) + (A) Sub Cl: Conj + S + V + (O) + (A) Sentence: Main Cl + Sub Cl atau Sub Cl + Main Cl Contoh: He was talking on the phone when I arrived. We stayed there until we finished our work. After she graduates, she will get a job. I had left before he came. He went to bed because he was sleepy. Fungsi Conjunction Secara garis besar, fungsi conjunction dalam bahasa Inggris adalah sebagai: Penambahan (cumulative) She is both a teacher and a writer. Pilihan (alternative) You can take either the white candy or the red one. Pertentangan (adversative) Mrs Nia is humble, but her sister isn’t. Kesimpulan (conclusion) I am ready, so let’s go now. Keterangan tambahan (apposition) They loved each other until they passed away together. Hubungan sebab akibat (cause and effect) He didn’t attend the lecture because he had to take her mother to the hospital. Pengaruh atau akibat (impact) This soup is so hot that I cannot eat it. Maksud dan tujuan (purpose) You have to drink much in order that you keep hydrated. Syarat (condition) You will get it done if you focus on finishing it. Pernyataan mengalah (concession) He worked all day even though he was sick. Perbandingan (comparison) My house is larger than yours. Cara (manner) He got the ticket as he came earlier. Waktu (time) You can use my PC while I am outside.